Cancer Advisor

Executive Summary Cancer immunotherapy represents one of the most consequential paradigm shifts in oncology since the advent of combination chemotherapy [1–3]. By targeting immune checkpoints, tumor antigens, or immune effector cells themselves, immunotherapies have delivered durable, and in some cases curative, responses in a subset of patients across historically lethal malignancies [4–7]. However, population-level benefit remains heterogeneous. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) consistently extend survival in several cancers, although absolute overall survival (OS) gains are often modest at a population level . Many regulatory approvals rely on surrogate endpoints rather than mature overall survival (OS) data [32,35], immune-related toxicities can be severe or permanent [28–30], and costs place substantial strain on healthcare systems [38–40]. Real-world effectiveness frequently diverges from pivotal trial results [54]. Credit:  Statista 1. Introduction 1.1 Historical Context...

Authors:  Ilyes Baghli 1 , William Makis 2 , Paul E. Marik 3 , Michael J. Gonzalez 4,5,6 , William B. Grant 7 , Ron Hunninghake 8 , Thomas E. Levy 8 , Homer Lim 9 , Richard Z. Cheng 10 , Igor Bondarenko 11 , Paul Bousquet 12 , Roberto Ortiz 13 , Mignonne Mary 14 , Dominic P. D’Agostino 15 , Pierrick Martinez 16 1  International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada 2  Alberta Health Services, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada 3  Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC, USA 4  University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, San Juan, PR 5  Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Chiropractic, Bayamon, Puerto Rico 6  EDP University, Naturopathic Sciences Program, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 7  Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA 8  Riordan Clinic, 3100 North Hillside, Wichita, KS, USA 9  Akesis Holistic Health, Manila, Philippines 1...