Targeting the Mitochondrial-Stem Cell Connection in Cancer Treatment: A Hybrid Orthomolecular Protocol
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Authors:
Ilyes Baghli1, William Makis2, Paul E. Marik3, Michael J. Gonzalez4,5,6, William B. Grant7, Ron Hunninghake8, Thomas E. Levy8, Homer Lim9, Richard Z. Cheng10, Igor Bondarenko11, Paul Bousquet12, Roberto Ortiz13, Mignonne Mary14, Dominic P. D’Agostino15, Pierrick Martinez16
1 International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
2 Alberta Health Services, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
3 Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC, USA
4 University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, San Juan, PR
5 Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Chiropractic, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
6 EDP University, Naturopathic Sciences Program, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico
7 Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
8 Riordan Clinic, 3100 North Hillside, Wichita, KS, USA
9 Akesis Holistic Health, Manila, Philippines
10 Cheng Integrative Health Center, Doctor’s Weight Loss Center, Columbia SC, USA
11 Medical Institute for Nutrition Science and Technology, Riga, LV-1005, Latvia.
12 Association Internationale pour une Médecine Scientifique Indépendante et Bienveillante, Amiens, France
13 Mexican Association of Orthomolecular Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
14 Remedy Room Integrative Medicine, New Orleans LA, USA
15 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
16 Association Cancer et Métabolisme, 30000 Nîmes, France.
Correspondence: pierrick.martinez@protonmail.com
The mitochondrial-stem cell connection (MSCC) theory suggests that cancer originates from chronic oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) insufficiency in stem cells. This OxPhos insufficiency leads to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and abnormal energy metabolism, ultimately resulting in malignancy. This concept integrates two well-established theories: the cancer stem cell theory and the metabolic theory. Drawing on insights from molecular biology, pharmacology, and clinical studies, this manuscript introduces a hybrid orthomolecular protocol targeting the MSCC. The protocol includes 7 therapeutic recommendations, consisting of orthomolecules, drugs, and additional therapies. The aim of this hybrid orthomolecular protocol is to achieve additive and synergistic effects to enhance OxPhos, inhibit the primary fuels of cancer cells (glucose and glutamine), target CSCs and metastasis. Thus, numerous experiments suggest that targeting MSCC could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
The Hybrid Orthomolecular Cancer Protocol: 7 therapeutic recommendations, consisting of orthomolecules, drugs, and additional therapies
- Low-grade cancers: Dose of 0.5mg/kg, 3x per week (Guzzo, et al., 2002).
- Intermediate-grade cancers: Dose of 1mg/kg, 3x per week (Guzzo, et al., 2002).
- High-grade cancers: Dose from 1 mg/kg/day (de Castro, et al., 2020) to 2 mg/kg/day (Guzzo, et al., 2002).
- Low-grade cancers: Mebendazole: Dose of 200 mg/day (Dobrosotskaya, et al., 2011).
- Intermediate-grade cancers: Mebendazole: Dose of 400 mg/day (Chai, et al., 2021).
- High-grade cancers: Mebendazole dose of 1,500 mg/day (Son, et al., 2020) or Fenbendazole 1,000 mg 3x per week (Chiang, et al., 2021).
The most effective way to fight cancer is by adopting a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach that includes maintaining good overall health. This means eating a nutritious, whole-food diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes while avoiding ultra-processed foods, excessive red and processed meats, and limiting alcohol intake. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and avoiding tobacco use are equally important components of this strategy. Each of these lifestyle factors contributes incrementally to reducing cancer risk and can enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatments when used alongside them.
Research consistently shows that dietary and lifestyle patterns act synergistically to influence cancer risk. For example, the World Cancer Research Fund’s expert panel recommends a dietary pattern emphasizing fiber-rich foods, fruits, vegetables, and calcium-containing foods, combined with regular physical activity and smoking avoidance, to lower the risk of breast and colorectal cancers. Limiting alcohol and processed meat consumption is also advised, as these have been linked to increased cancer risk. These recommendations are supported by strong evidence demonstrating that adherence to healthy lifestyle guidelines can reduce cancer incidence by significant margins.
Everyone’s situation is unique, and cancer treatment must be personalized. It is vital to arm yourself with medical knowledge that complements what your oncologist provides. Being informed allows you to engage more effectively in your care, ask pertinent questions, and make decisions that align with your values and health goals.
Whether you are currently living with cancer or are a survivor, always consult your trusted healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan tailored to your individual needs. Combining medical treatment with healthy lifestyle changes offers the best chance for improved outcomes and quality of life.
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